STEAMS.

     The principal water course in the township is the Scioto river, which enters the north part of the township, flows in a southeast course for perhaps one mile, then changing to a nearly due east direction, cuts off a portion of the northeast corner of the township.  Reaching the eastern boundary of the township it turns southward, coursing along this boundary line, which it forms.  This stream is of some importance as furnishing water-power advantages.  The Olentangy river, next in size, flows from the north, discharging its waters into the Scioto at or near the point where it turns southward on the east line of the township.  Flowing from the west, across the south part of the township, is Scioto Big run, which, with its tributaries, completes the water courses of the township.

INDIANS.

     The red men of the forest were more numerous in the early settlement of the township.  They were principally of the Wyandot tribe, though there were scattering members of the Delawares and Mingoes.   An extensive encampment was situated on the west bank of the Scioto river, not far from where now stands the Harrisburg bridge.  For several years previous to the settlement, the Indians raised corn, on what came to be known in later years as Sullivant’s prairie.  The venerable Nelson Foos, to whom the writer is indebted for many facts in this history, says that the Indians were peacable and    

SETTLEMENT.

     Early in the year 1797, Lucas Sullivant came to Ohio, and with a corps of chain-carriers, markers, etc., engaged in surveying land and locating warrants, in the Virginia military district, west of the Scioto.  The subsequent fall, the village of Franklinton was laid out by him, and to facilitate settlement, the lots bordering a certain street were donated to such as would become actual settlers thereon.  The name "Gift street" was given the thoroughfare passing between these lots.  That this inducement to settlement was successful, is clearly attested by the immediate and constant growth of the primitive town.  We learn that during the first years of the settlement, the great amount of sickness in the vicinity retarded, to a considerable degree, rapid immigration.  The diseases being malarial were more annoying than dangerous and the natural advantages of the country - fertile soil, abundant range for cattle, and game of all kinds in unlimited quantity, were features too important to be overlooked; and gradually the colony increased until the war of 1812 came on, during which period, Franklinton is said to have reached the zenith of its prosperity.

     W. T. Martin says, upon the authority of A. McElvain, who came from Kentucky to Chillicothe with hs parents, in the spring of 1797, and subsequently settled in Franklinton, that the "first white family who settled in Franklinton, then called the Forks of the Scioto, was Joseph Dixon."  This was during the fall or winter of 1797-98.  Mr. Martin gives the names of the following first settlers:  George Skidmore, Robert and Jeremiah Armstrong, William Domigan, James Marshall, John Brickell, John Lisle and family, William Fleming, Jacob Grubb, Jacob Overdier, John Blair, John Dill, Arthur O'Harra, the Deardurfs, and the Sells.
     For a sketch of Lucas Sullivant, the reader is referred to the history of Columbus.
     Joseph Foos, who was a native of Ohio, removed to Harrison county, Kentucky, where he married Lydia Nelson.  Late in the fall of 1798 he came to Ohio, making settlement in Franklin township.  His log cabin was constructed upon the farm now owned by the Osborn heirs, on the Harrisburg pike.  In 1803 he built a brick house in Franklinton and engaged in hotel-keeping.

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This building was considered a monster affair for the period.  His son says it would hardly make a respectable kitchen for the hotel of today.  Mr. Foos continued in the hotel business until 1818, the greater portion of the time.  Being an energetic public man, he was early elected to the legislature, and served, with scarcely an interval, twenty years.  He did a few months s\service in the war of 1812, ranking as brigadier-general, and afterwards with the militia he rose to the rank major-general.  He devoted considerable time, and expended some money, in the interest of a canal across the Isthmus of Darien, now being built.  Mrs. Foos died as early, perhaps, as 1809.  The children by thsi marriage were:  Nelson, who married Jane Price and lives in Columbus; Frank, who married Mrs. Amelia Ray and lives in Illinois; and Eliza and Ellen, who are deceased.  Mr. Foos married a second time, the fruits of this union being:  William, John, Lewis, Gustavus and Joseph (twins), and Clara, all living in Ohio except Joseph, who is deceased.

     William Domigan, sr., was among the first settlers in Franklinton.  He came from Maryland, and, in 1803, opened a hotel, which he kept until his death, in 1831.  The court records of Aug. 8, 1803, show that "a license be granted William Domigan, sr., to keep tavern in his own house in Franklinton, until the next court of common pleas for Franklin county, and afterward, until he can renew his license."  The children of William Domigan and wife are: Enoch, Abijah, William, Eden, (another son, who went to sea and was not heard from afterwards), and a daughter, Marib, who became the wife of Thomas Riddle and died in Franklinton in 1843 or 1844.  All the children are now deceased; Enoch, the last, having died recently in Galena, Delaware county.  William was drowned in the Scioto river.  Eden was killed at the raising of Sullivant's (now Rickley's) mill.  Abijah lived and died in Franklinton, dying in 1841.  His son William, now living in Clinton township, was born in 1812.  He was elected sheriff of Franklin county in 1841, and also in 1863, serving four years from each election.

     Michael Fisher, who was a native of Virginia, removed with his family, then consisting of a wife and one child, to Ohio, locating in Franklinton, in its infancy.  After some years' residence here, they removed to Hamilton township, and there died.

     John Huffman, who was born in Maryland, removed, when a child, with his parents to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and there grew to manhood.  He became a captain under Lord Dunmore, and while encamped at Chillicothe, he made a reconnoissance as far north as the fork of the Scioto.  Here, near where is now Franklinton, he found a body of Indians with whom he engaged, and who finally swam the river and escaped.  He then returned to Chillicothe, and eventually to his home in Pennsylvania, where he married and reared a numerous family.  During his stay in Ohio he was so well pleased with the country, and he resolved to return.  An opportunity did not occur until the spring of the year 1800, when he came out and made purchase of three hundred and eighty acres of land in Franklinton township, a portion of which is now occupied by a grandson, George W.  Four years later he permanently located on his purchase, building his log cabin upon the west bank of the Scioto river.  The year following his settlement he erected a distillery near his dwelling, and this he operated for several years.  He, for a time, run a flatboat on the Scioto, as far south as Portsmouth, for trading purposes.  In after years he purchased four thousand acres of land in Plain township, paying for the same one gallon of whiskey per acre.  Mr. Huffman died in 1826, and his wife some years previous.  The children were:  Henry, Elizabeth, John, Barbara, Priscilla, Catharine, Jacob, Peter, and Mary.  Two only of these located in Franklin township:  Jacob, who married Rebecca White, and passed his days on lands now occupied by his son, George W.; and Mary, who became the wife of Abram Scott, and died a few years since in Columbus.  The remainder of the family settled in Plain township, and are now deceased.

     Jacob Walcutt and Mary Macy Walcutt, his wife, from whom they have descended the numerous people of this name who are now residents of Franklin county, were natives of Loudoun county, Virginia.  The date of their location in Franklin county was in the year 1815.  His wife died four days subsequent to their arrival.  Mr. Walcutt's death occurred in 1832.  The children were:  Mary, who died while en route for Ohio; James, who married Mary Legg, and Jacob, who married Elizabeth Riley, settled in Franklin township; John, who married Marilla Brodrick, and located in Columbus; and Robert, whose wife was Susan Legg, and who found a home in Perry township.  None are now living.  James Settled on the Scioto river, in this township, in 1828, and died there in July, 1876, at the age of over eighty-six years.  His wife, Mary died in 1861.  They raised a family of ten children, eight of whom are now living:  Melinda, wife of Eli K. Williams, in Mifflin; Huldah, widow of Richard Walcutt, in Norwich; Jane, wife of James Ruby on a part of the homestead; Eliza, wife of Eri Douglas, in Norwich; Susannah, wife of Samuel Sandusky, in Truro; Rhoda, wife of Bartley O'Harra, in Prairie township; Laura, wife of Thomas Kramer, in Madison county; and James, on the homestead.  John Walcutt's children are:  Ann, David B., Virginia, and Charles C., who all reside in Columbus.

     The family of Robert Walcutt, all of whom reside in the county, consist of seven children, namely: James, Absalom, John, Louisa, Millie, Robert, and William.

     Samuel Sandusky, sr., from Kentucky, was among the pioneers of Franklinton.  He married, subsequently, Polly Perrin, who died in 1825, and the year following he removed to Madison county, where he afterwards lived.  He was married in second time, and was the father of five children, four by his first wife; two of whom are now living, namely:  Rebecca, wife of Tracy Wilcox, living in Delaware county; and Samuel Sandusky, jr., resident of Truro township, this county.  He married Susannah, daughter of James Walcutt, previously mentioned.  Samuel Sandusky, sr., was a gunsmith by trade, and was one of hte most expert hunters in the county.
     Samuel White was prominent in the pioneer settlement

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of Franklin township.  He was a soldier in the Revolution, and served nearly seven years during that determined struggle to throw off the galling yoke of British oppression.  It is said, by descendants of the family, that Mr. White, at the battle of Stoney Point, was scalped by the Indians, and left on the field of battle.  At the close of the war he returned to his home, and married Jane Stewart, with whom he emigrated, from Hardy county, Virginia, to Ohio.  The date was 1805.  A settlement was made on the bank of Scioto run, in Franklin township, on the farm now occupied by A. H. Shade.  Mr. White not being possessed of health sufficient to do farm labor, passed many years of his life in teaching school.  His death resulted from injuries received from a runaway horse, in October, 1841.  Mrs. White deceased in January, 1839.   The children are:  James S., John M., Samuel, Sarah and Elizabeth (twins), Alexander, William, Rebecca, Jacob and George, all of whom are deceased except the latter, who married Mary A. Baltimore, and lives in Franklin township.

     John Goetchius was one of the pioneer settlers, but of him, or family, the writer has no record.

     Ralph Osborn, who located in Franklinton, in 1806, was a native of Waterbury, Connecticut.  He was an attorney-at-law.  In 1808 he was appointed the first prosecuting attorney for Franklin county.  In 1810 he moved to Pickaway county.  In 1815 he was elected State senitor, and served some eighteen years.  In 1833 he was elected senator, and died in Columbus, Dec. 30, 1835.  Doubtless an extended sketch of this gentleman will be given in another department of this work.
     Isaac Miner (afterwards Judge Miner) came from the State of New York, to Franklinton, in 1806 to 1807.  A brother, Jeremiah, came on the following year, and perhaps two years later, they removed to Madison county.

     William Harrison was a native of New Jersey.  His wife was Helen Sisco.  He was, for years, superintendent of the Longwood iron works.  In 1807 he removed to Ohio, and purchased a farm in Franklin township, and engaged in farming, which avocation he pursued during life.  He died Oct. 24, 1824, and his wife died in January, 1830.  There were six children in the family:  James, Martha, Sarah, Charles, Anna, and William.  All are deceased except the last-named, who resides in Columbus.

     R. W. McCoy, who was a native of Franklin county, Pennsylvania, came from Franklinton, in 1811, and engaged in merchandising.  Five years later he removed to Columbus, where he engaged in the same avocation, which he prosecuted until his death, Jan. 16, 1856.

     William Miller and his wife, Christina Fisher, were natives of Virginia.  The period of their location in Franklin township was early in the present century.  A grandson (William), now occupies the original homestead.  Mr. Miller was a farmer, and in time brought his broad acres of dense woodland to a profitable state of cultivation.  He died Nov. 1, 1850; his widow survived him many years, her death occurring Aug. 15, 1875.  They had one child, Adam, who married Mary Wolf, and has left numerous descendants in the county.  Of these, William, Jacob, and Fisher, live in Franklin township, and Margaret (Mrs. J. McDonald), and George reside in Jackson township.

     Orris Parish, who was a lawyer, came from the State of New York to Franklinton, early in the settlement.  In 1816, he was elected president judge of the court of common pleas, for this district.  He became eminent as an attorney, and died in Columbus in 1837.
     Without doubt, there are many other persons who located in Franklin township in its early settlement, who are entitled to a place in history.  The indifference manifested by those having the ability to furnish facts, has greatly retarded the writer, and is his only apology that this department is meagre.

     Jacob Stimmel came from Virginia to Ohio in about 1820.  He married Mary E. Landis, and, in 1828, located in Franklin township.  He was a farmer, and died early in September, 1853; his wife died in April, previous.  Two of the children live in Franklin township; Samuel, who married Mary E Holten, and John, whose present wife was Mary (Mrs. William Vance), and Sarah (Mrs. John Holton), live in Columbus, and Eliza J. (Mrs. W. T. Reese), lives in Hamilton township.

     John Holton and family located in this county in 1834.

     Emanuel Alkire came from Lewis county, Virginia, to Franklin township, in 1828.  His wife was Sarah White.  He located on the farm now occupied by N. Gantz, where he died Jan. 5, 1839.  Of the twelve children belonging to this family, the following are now living:  Jesse, Eliza (Mrs. Jacob White), William, Joseph, James, and Nancy.

     Capt. Adin G. Hibbs came from Pennsylvania in 1832.  He had previously married Pamelia Shade.  He lived for a time in Columbus, and subsequently laid out the village of Shadeville, where he lived a few years.  He now lives in Franklin township, and has amassed great wealth.  But one child has blessed this couple, born prior to coming to Ohio.  It died in infancy.

     Conrad Cline, whose life-work has been that of a farmer, married Rebecca Heaton, and, in 1833, removed from Bucks county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio.  He lived for perhaps one year in Columbus, then purchasing land in Franklin township he removed thereto, and there he still resides.  His wife died Aug. 9, 1841.  The children were:  Mary J. (Mrs. C. White), Anna E. (Mrs. R. Vanderburg), and William F., who married Mary L. Briggs, and lives on the old homestead.

     Jacob Shade removed from near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Jackson township in 1835.  He now lives in Franklin township.  His wife died in 1842.  The children living are:  Adin H., who married Ann White, lives in Franklin township; Ann E. (Mrs. H. Bailey), lives in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Aadline (Mrs. R. Finney), lives in North Wales, Pennsylvania.

     Joseph Cromwell, who was a direct descendant of the renowned Oliver Cromwell, married Mary Ann Hull, and in 1835 came from Frederick county, Maryland, to Franklin county.  After several removals he located permanently on a tract of land in Franklin township, which he purchased from Capt. George Skidmore, a pioneer in the county, and here they yet reside. 

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county, and here they yet reside.  The children are: Emeline, who lives at home; John S., who married Eliza J. Anderson, lives in Franklin township; Josephine (Mrs. J. Legg); Charlotte (Mrs. L. E. Green), Sarah lives at home; and Frances V. (Mrs. S. Woolley), lives in Brown township.

     Thomas Deems, who was a native of Pennsylvania, married Mary Sims, of Muskingum county, Ohio, and in the spring of 1841, located upon the farm he still occupies, in Franklin township.  His wife died November 12, 1870.  Mr. Deems has worked at blacksmithing during his life.  His children are: Melissa (Mrs. James Kennard), Gilbert C., Stephen F., Jerusha (Mrs. C. Wagner), Sarah (Mrs. David Smiley), and Lavina, who died in in fancy.

     Joseph O. B. Renick, a son of William Renick, sr., who was of the family so prominent in Pickaway county, was born in Harrison township, of that county, in 1810.  He married Julia McNeal, of Hardy county, Virginia, and in 1855 removed to Franklin township, locating upon the farm he still occupies.  Mrs. Renick deceased December 15, 1844, and in 1851 he married Rebecca Adams, of Chillicothe.  By the first marriage, the following children were born: William, Daniel, McNeal, Felix, Juliet E., and two who died in infancy.  One child was born of the present marriage, also deceased.  Mr. Rennick was engaged in merchandising, in Circleville, some years, and brought the first stock of goods to that place over the Ohio canal.  He is now extensively engaged in the raising of short-horn Durham cattle.  He has for some years paid considerable attention to the growing of blooded horses.

FIRST EVENTS.

     In 1803, Joseph Foos opened a hotel in Franklinton, and about the same time William Domigan announced entertainment for man and beast.  The last named hostelry was of logs, but large and commodious.  These were the first taverns in Franklin county.  The first merchandizing was by Robert Russell, and the date as early as 1803.  The stock, which consisted of but an armful or two of general merchandise, was displayed on shelves placed around the sides of a small building designed for a “smoke house ;" a small table in the center served the double purpose of counter, and a seat for the proprietor, who could readily reach the goods on the shelves from his seat on the counter.  Several “pack horse traders” were engaged in business here, from time to time.  The goods were transported on horseback from Pittsburgh and Detroit, and consisted mainly of iron, salt, and whiskey.  The first store of respectable proportions was built by James Scott, in 1806.  The first brick house in the township, was, doubtless, erected by Lucas Sullivant. A post-office was established in Franklinton in 1805, and discontinued in about 1835.  Following is the first and successive postmasters: Adam Hosack, Henry Brown, Joseph Grate, James B. Gardiner, Jacob Kellar, Joseph McDowell, William Lusk, and W. Risley.  At this time there are two post-offices in the township Camp Chase, which was established on November 10, 1873, with George W. Scott as postmaster,

ORGANIZATION.

     As previously stated, the organization of Franklin township was nearly contemporaneous with the erection of the county. Seventy-six years have elapsed since the first township election.  The township records, imperfectly kept at best, are now nowhere to be found, and we must be content to commence with the officers for 1879, who are as follows: William House, John S. Cromwell, and James R. Walcutt, trustees; J. J. Eakin, clerk; Clark White, treasurer; G. M. Walcutt, assessor; Joseph McNinch and G. M. Walcutt, constables; and twelve supervisors of highways.
     Following is a list of the persons who have served as justices of the peace for Franklin township from its organization to the present: 1803, Zachariah Stephen, James Marshall; 1806, Arthur O’Harra; 1808, Samuel White; 1812, Joseph Grate; 1814, Nicholas Goeches, Joseph Gorton, Jacob Kellar; 1820, Robert W. Riley, Jacob Grubb; 1822, Joseph Badger; 1825, Reuben Golliday; 1826, Stewart White; 1828, William Lusk; 1832, James Graham; 1837, Samuel Deardurf; 1838, Jacob Fisher; 1840, William Caldwell, Adam Alkire; 1841, William Henderson; 1846, Lemuel Frizzell, Jacob White; 1847, Bartley Boyd; 1849, Robert King, Benjamin Overmire; 1854, Bazil Riddell; 1855, Jesse Alkire; 1856, John A. Kellar; 1857, W. B. Preston; 1864, Philip Shafter; 1872, James Tippin; 1875, William Walter, present incumbent; 1878, N. P. Mix, present' incumbent.

CHURCHES.

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SCHOOL.

SOCIETIES.

PHYSICIANS.

     Without doubt, the pioneer physician in Franklintown ship was L. Goodale, who located in Franklinton village, in 1805.  [He subsequently removed to Columbus city, which see for further particulars of his life].  Dr. S. Parsons, who was a native of Reading, Connecticut, located in Franklinton, January 16, 1811.  Some five years later, he removed to Columbus, where he became prominent as a physician, and highly respected as a citizen.  In 1843 he was elected to the State legislature, and for many years he was president of the Franklin branch of the State bank of Ohio. Doubtless other physicians have had an abiding place in this township, whose names are worthy of recognition.  At this time but one doctor lives in the township, W. D. Crumley, who located on the

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Harrisburgh pike, in 1846.  He is a graduate of the Cincinnati Eclectic college, class of 1848-9, and of the Starling medical college, class of 1862-3.  Dr. Crumley has an extensive and quite lucrative practice.

INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS.

     For several years there was no mill nearer than Chillicothe.  In Franklinton a hand-mill was constructed, which would grind corn, but it was not of sufficient capacity to accommodate the whole colony, and the stump mortar was resorted to by some, while others reduced the corn to a proper condition for bread-making by grating it.  The dwellers of to-day, upon this goodly land,
can have but a faint conception of the inconvenience caused by the absence of flouring mills.  About the year 1800, a small mill was erected, and, about the same time, John D. Rush built another, on the Scioto, a short distance above Franklinton.  Both soon fell into disuse, and in time went to decay.  After this, mills propelled by horse-power came into use, but they were rude and imperfect in their mechanism.  The first grist-mill of any considerable importance in the township, was built by Lucas Sullivant, as early as 1820.  This property is now owned by S. S. Rickley, but has been greatly improved.  Franklin township has been abundantly blessed with sawmills, the government, during the early years of the settlement, making donations of land to any person who would construct a mill.  Parties would put up a mill, saw lumber enough to get a title to their land, and let the mill go to decay. This, Mr. Foos informs us, was often the case.

CAMP CHASE.

     This once famous rendezvous was situated on the south side of the National road, and some four miles west of Columbus.  Here thousands of Ohio‘s loyal sons learned the dread art of war, and went forth to do battle for the flag.  Many, very many, never returned; their lives went out as a sacrifice, and beneath the skies of the sunny South, where the orange and the magnolia wave a ceaseless perfume, the spot perhaps unmarked, they sleep the sleep that knows no waking. May traitor footsteps never tread the herbage o’er their graves.  The lands formerly embraced within the enclosure of the camps are now divided into lots, and where was once the spacious parade ground, now stand the dwellings of the peaceful citizens.  Nothing is left to remind the writer of the days of “ lang syne,“ except, perhaps, that now rapidly decaying hostlery, know as the Four Mile house.  It seems little changed, except by time. To the south of the camp, and adjacent to Sullivant avenue, is the Rebel grave-yard, containing the remains of some thousands of Confederate soldiers, who died in the prison at the camp.  It is, perhaps, needless to state that these men died of disase or wounds; they were not starved to death by order of the President, as were too many of our brave boys at Andersonville, and other “Courts of Death,” under control of the southern chivalry.

THE STATE QUARRY

     The lands embraced in this tract were purchased on April 11, 1845, from William S. Sullivant.  They embrace fifty acres, and are situated in Franklin township, on the bank of the Scioto river.  The rock is of secondary formations, of different forms and colors, giving to the block an appearance like clouded marble.  The strata are from five inches to five feet in thickness, and afford the finest building stone in central Ohio.  The stone used in the construction of the state house was taken from this quarry, as was also that used in the construction of the penitentiary and other State institutions.

THE COLUMBUS ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.

     This institution had its inception on January 5, 1835, at which time the State medical convention adopted and sent to the legislative bodies, then in session, a memorial, asking “for the erection of an asylum for the insane, adapted, in all respects, for the relief of mental derangement, etc.”  Immediately subsequent, an act was passed, establishing a lunatic asylum for the State of Ohio, and the following directors were appointed to purchase a site and attend to the erection of suitable buildings: Dr. Samuel Parsons and Dr. William M. Awl, of Columbus, and General Samuel F. McCracken, of Lancaster.  In July following, lands were purchased for a site, situated in the northeast corner of the then corporate limits of the city of Columbus.  These were added to until, in 1845, the grounds comprised a trifle over sixty-four acres, and cost six thousand, three hundred and five dollars and
thirty-five cents.  Subsequently [May 7, 1869], seven and one-half acres of land were added to the asylum grounds, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars.
     N. B. Kelley was appointed architect in July, 1835.  Plans were drawn ; the necessary appropriation was made by the legislature, and, on April 20, 1837, the corner stone of the building was laid, when there were present Samuel Parsons, William M. Awl, N. B. Kelley (superintendent of construction), William McIlvain, and Isaac Coul. The main building was completed November 10, 1839; the west wing in 1845; the east wing in 1846, and the center wing in 1847.  This completed the edifice.  Its cost was one hundred and fifty-three thousand, eight hundred and twenty-one dollars and eighty-four cents.  About one-third of the labor was performed by convicts from the Ohio penitentiary.  The building was quadrangular in form, being three hundred and seventy feet front by two hundred and eighteen feet deep, and covering an acre of ground.  It was divided into four hundred and
forty rooms, exclusive of the basement.  This building was destroyed by fire on the night of November 18, 1868, and of the three hundred and twenty patients, all were rescued except six females, who were suffocated by the intense smoke in ward six.  This fire was, without doubt, incendiary.
     April 23, 1869, the legislature passed an act for the erection of a new building, to cost not more than four hundred thousand dollars.  Ground was broken the following October, but we do not learn that anything further was accomplished.
     On April 18, 1870, an act was passed authorizing the sale of the old asylum grounds, for a sum not less than two hundred thousand dollars, and the purchase of suit

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able grounds elsewhere, in the vicinity of Columbus, at a price not to exceed one hundred thousand dollars.  The consummation of this act was the purchase of the grounds upon which now stands the finest building of its kind, perhaps, in the whole world, its erection, prompted by the finer feelings of humanity.  It stands to-day a monument of which the whole people of the great commonwealth of the State of Ohio should justly be proud.
     The lands, which were purchased of William S. Sullivant, consist of three hundred acres, situated in the town ship of Franklin, and bounded as follows: on the east by a line commencing at the second mile-stone west of Columbus, on the National Road, and extending north to the Little Miami railroad; north by said railroad; south by the National road, and on the west by a line parallel to the first-named line.  The location is upon a hill, over looking the city of Columbus and the surrounding country, and is designated by the name of Glenwood, which title was given it by the former matron, Mrs. L. W. Peck, as “appropriate to the wild beauty of its surroundings.”  The directors came into possession of the grounds on the fifth of May, 1870, and the following day the work of excavation for the new structure was commenced.  The foundation was commenced on the twenty-third day
of the same month, and on the fourth of July, following, the corner-stone was laid by the grand lodge of Masons of the State of Ohio, Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, presiding.  There were present many State officers, the Masonic bodies of Columbus, and a large concourse of citizens. William L. Peck, M. D., was chosen resident architect and superintendent of construction, a position which be filled to the full satisfaction of the hoard.  Following are the names of the trustees at this time: S. M. Smith, William B. Thrall, John Hunter, Henry B. Curtis, W. Fullerton, M. D., P. M. Wagenhals, M. D.  The building was pronounced complete in the spring of the year 1877, but is was not formally opened for patients until August 13, following.
     The following description of this immense structure is from the report of the skillful and experienced architect, T. R. 'l‘insley:
     “The present new structure has an eastern frontage of about eleven hundred feet. and is composed of eight wings for patients, four on each side of the center building. receding from the same.  The central part has a depth of five hundred and sixty feet.  The patients' wings are constructed with a corridor or promenading court, or day-room, fifteen feet by one hundred and eighty-five feet in the center, with patients' rooms opening on each side, thus forming a ward.  These wings average about one hundred and eighty-five feet long, and are connected together by receding wings, wherein are located the dining-rooms, water-closets, baths, and lavatories.  Patients' wings are three and four stories high, and 'contain thirty—two wards, said wards having an average capacity of about thirty patients each.  Each ward is supplied with its respective patients' parlor, dining, and attendants' rooms, water-closets, baths, lavatories, drying-room, dead-lifts, dumbwaiters, etc.  The front portion of the center building is the administration building, containing the officers', business, and living rooms.  The middle part of the center building contains the theater or amusement hall, chapel, etc., the rear end of the center building being devoted to mechanical and domestic purposes - as kitchen, laundry, oven, machinery, boilers for heating and power, engines, etc., these buildings being four stories high. 
     "The structure presents an imposing and impressive view from the city. It is embellished with numerous towers, spires, and turrets of various designs, which lend quite a picturesque tone to it.  It is, withal, a grand structure for a most noble purpose, and reflects credit on the munificence of the State, and honor to its designer esq., architect, of Cleveland, Ohio.
     "The general materials used in the construction of the structure are brick, stone, and iron, the building being made as near fire-proof as possible and practicable for its purpose.
     "The consumption of materials. of course, was enormous. approximating thirty-live millions of bricks, the circumference of the edifice being about one and one-eighth miles.  There were also four million
two hundred thousand pounds of iron-work, comprising, among other things, four thousand five hundred feet lineal of iron stairways, almost seven-eighths of a mile.  The steam-heating, ventilating, and water supply apparatus, plumbing and gas-piping, sewer pipes, foul air ducts, cistern connections, and other like works, have consumed almost one hundred miles of pipes of various sizes and materials.
     "There are about ten acres of floor area; this includes wood and artificial stone; more than four and one-half acres of slate and iron roofing; nearly forty acres of plastering.
     "The structure has something more than three thousand two hundred windows, are fully one thousand rooms, corridors, and passages. not including the basement compartments, which are wholly dedicated to ventilation by steam fans, steam and other pipes, and railroad track for delivery of food, etc., to the respective dining-rooms.  The total number of cubic feet of air space heated is three million three hundred and forty-live thousand.  The above quantities give a general idea of the magnitude of the building."
     Its entire cost, as shown by the report of the trustees, for the year 1877, was one million, five hundred and twenty-six thousand, two hundred and twenty-six dollars and forty-five cents.
     The following are the trustees for the year 1877:  George W. Manypenny, president; James Buckingham, Joseph K. Secor, George Mitchell, M. D.; E. J. Blount, board of trustees.  The resident officers are: Richard Gundry, medical superintendent; D. A. Morse, H. B. Nunemaker, H. A. Tobey, C. D. Carpenter, assistant physicians; George S. Bell, steward; Mrs. M. M. Gundry, matron.  Dr. Gundry served as superintendent until May 15, 1878.
     The present officials are: E. J. Blount, president; David W. Brooks, secretary; George W. Morgan, Benjamin Myers, and Joseph P. Smith, board of trustees.  The resident officers are: L. Firestone, medical superintendent; H. A. Tobey, C. W. King, Thomas Sparrow, G. P. Follett, assistant physicians; Isaac Anderson, steward; Mrs. L. Firestone, matron. The medical superintendent’s report for the year ending November to, 1873, shows that there were under treatment, during the year, five hundred and eighty-eight male, and six hundred and thirty-eight female patients, making a grand total of twelve hundred and twenty-six.

THE OHIO INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF IDIOTIC AND IMBECILE YOUTH.*

     The first legislative action having in view the establishment of an institution for the improvement of idiots, was in March, 1850, when a resolution, introduced by Hon. Pinckney Lewis, was passed, appointing the superintendent of the Ohio lunatic asylum, Dr. Hanbury Smith, to report at the next session of the General assembly, upon idiocy and idiot instruction, as follows:
     "First, to make inquiry into the expediency of making provisions, on the part of the State, for the support of the idiotic and imbecile portion of our population; particularly it shall be his duty to report the results of experiments already made, and now being made, in the education of the idiotic; also, the number of this class of population in Ohio; and finally, into the economy of supporting and educating this Class of our

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* By Dr. G. A. Doren.

[Pg. 368]
population in institutions adapted to their use, as compared with their support as at present provided."

In January, 1852, Governor Wood, in his annual message, directed the attention of the general assembly to the duty of providing for the care, protection, and improvement of the imbecile and idiotic. Governor Wood’s efforts were earnestly seconded by his successor, Governor Merrill, who, in his annual message to the general assembly in January, 1854, recommended that that unfortunate class be embraced within the range or beneficial operation of our benevolent institutions.
     In March, 1854, Dr. N. Townshend (a trustee of this institution from the date of its organization up to May, 1878), then a member of the senate, to whom was referred so much of the governor‘s annual message as related to the subject of idiocy, made to the senate a most interesting and able report, which was laid on the table and ordered to be printed.
     During the year 1856, public attention was called, through newspaper articles, to the number of idiots in the State, their condition, and their capabilities for improvement, by Dr. R. J. Patterson, who had, for many years, devoted himself to the treatment of insanity and mental diseases.  A bill to establish an asylum for idiots was introduced in the house of representatives by Hon. Ralph Plumb, but was presented so near the close of the session that it was laid over for want of time to
properly consider and act upon it. 
     In January, 1857, Hon. Herman Canfield, of the senate, introduced a bill to establish an asylum for the education of idiotic and imbecile youth.   This bill became a law April 17, 1857.
     The institution was organized by the appointment of Hon. William Dennison, Hon. N. S. Townshend, and Hon. Asher Cook, as trustees. R. J. Patterson, M. D., was elected superintendent. A large dwelling house, opposite the institution for the blind, was rented, and the first pupil was admitted August 3, 1857.  Sixteen pupils were admitted the first year.  During the three succeeding years the average number of pupils was thirty.
     Hon. William Dennison having been elected governor, resigned his position on the board of trustees, and was succeeded by Hon. Herman Canfield, November 15, 1859.  Dr. R. J. Patterson resigned the place of superintendent, November 15, 1860, and was succeeded by Dr. G. A. Doren, the present superintendent.
     'l‘he accommodations of the institution were increased to fifty pupils during the year 1861, which was the average number under care until the occupancy of the new building, in July, 1868.
     During the year 1862, Hon. Herman Canfield, who was killed at the battle of Pittsburg landing, was succeeded upon the board of trustees by Hon. Peter Hitchcock, and Hon. Asher Cook by J. A. Lutz, Esq.
     In 1864, the legislature passed an act to permanently establish the asylum for idiots, and appropriated money for the purchase of a site, and the construction of permanent buildings.  Work upon the buildings was not commenced, however, until the autumn of 1865. The new buildings were occupied in July, 1868, and were opened with one hundred and five children.  The number was increased to one hundred and fifty in 1869; to one hundred and seventy in 1870, and to two hundred and fifty, the capacity of the institution, in 1871.  The buildings were then enlarged.  In 1872 three hundred pupils were accommodated.  Additions were again provided for.  During the year 1873, three hundred and ten children were cared for; in 1874, three hundred and fifty-one; in 1875, three hundred and ninety-three.  The number of children accommodated each year since 1875 has been over four hundred and fifty.  The number now cared for is four hundred and seventy-five.  Two new wings are, at this writing, being completed, and, when finished, the number of inmates will be increased.
     The present officers of the institution are as follows, viz.: Hon. John A. Shank of Cincinnati, J. M. Montgomery, esq., of Columbus, Hon. J. K. Rukenbrod of Salem, trustees; Gustavus A. Doren, M. D., superintendent; A. P. Bateham, clerk; Miss Harriet F. Purple, matron; Mrs. Sarah Lawrence, assistant matron; Miss Sarah Husted, housekeeper; Mrs. L. N. Doren, Miss M. E. Clift, Miss Lucretia Lockwood, Miss L. R. Seymour, Miss F. Ruggles, Miss B. Bateham, Miss P. K. Ayres, Miss Zurmehly, Miss Mary Wicks, Miss Annie L. McGrew, Miss J. W. Ricks, Miss Annie M. Clark, Miss M. D. Clark, Miss E. L. Clark, Miss E. V. Thompson, Miss I. H. Breckenridge, Miss F. E. Wright, Miss Mattie
Wright, Miss Anna 1.. Brown, teachers.